Sedgwick s Homosocial Continuum Of William Shakespeare s...

Sedgwick’s Homosocial Continuum in William Shakespeare’s Othello Where does it end? Where did it begin? On a continuum, it is impossible to distinguish. Eve Sedgwick coined the idea of the â€Å"Homosocial continuum.† Her argument involves gender, class, and hierarchical relationships. In William Shakespeare’s, Othello, many character pairings can be analyzed in relation to Sedgwick’s theories. The relationships that most interestingly relate to the homosocial continuum are Desdemona and Emilia, Iago and Roderigo, and Iago and Othello. First, Desdemona and Emilia have a homosocial relationship that is easier to understand by today’s standards based on Sedgwick’s assertions. Sedgwick states, â€Å"The apparent simplicity...of the continuum, [for women], would not be so striking if it were not in strong contrast to the arrangement among males† (506). Emilia and Desdemona’s relationship, while certainly blurring the lines at points, would not be questioned even today based on Sedgwick’s claim that women are so much more free to move along the homosocial continuum. It is typical for women to care for one another and desire one another’s company, including physical touch and intimate dialogue. At Desdemona’s death bed, Emilia arrives to discover the situation and cries out, Emilia. Out, and alas! that was my lady’s voice. Help, help, ho! help. O lady, speak again! Sweet Desdemona! O sweet mistress speak! (Act V, Scene III, Line 119) In this moment it is clear that Emilia

The Right Of Bear Arms - 1950 Words

Gun Control The Right to Bear Arms was the second amendment put into place when creating the nation. It gives the people of our country the right to keep and own a gun. Today, just over two hundred years later, one of the biggest debates in society is on gun control and how the people should be handling their weapons. The gun control in the country is something that should be taken more seriously as lives and well beings are at stake. Former president Bill Clinton commented on gun control, saying When we got organized as a country, [and] wrote a fairly radical Constitution, with a radical Bill of Rights, giving radical amounts of freedom to Americans, it was assumed that Americans who had that freedom would use it responsibly .... When personal freedom is being abused, you have to move to limit it. We ve misused this right to bear arms and have been forced to take many precautions regarding the bill. Gun control, or, the lack thereof, has struck a fear in many that has spread quickly throughout the nation. Our culture has ingrained the second amendment into itself, using it as a pass to do almost whatever. In light of the stereotyped, yet nonetheless accurate, obsession of firearms that the American people proudly uphold, restricting the use of guns proves to be a much more difficult feat than one would have you believe. â€Å"America s pervasive gun culture stems in part from its colonial history, revolutionary roots, frontier expansion, and the Second Amendment†.Show MoreRelatedThe Right And Bear Arms1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe Right to Bear Arms The Second Amendment written in The Constitution has been under great scrutiny lately. Extremists from both sides argue their points, however, how accurate are those points? For example, one can argue that it is a right that was given in The Constitution therefore, it cannot be taken away. However, was living back then a much different world than we live in now? Do we need guns to protect us in today’s society? The other extremist could argue that yes, it was a much differentRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms1196 Words   |  5 PagesIn the United States the right to own a gun is enshrined by the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The text of the Second Amendment reads: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed† (Adams, 2004). The founding fathers borrowed this idea from Niccolo Machiavelli, the Italian thinker. He wrote about the weapons necessary for fre edom to defend themselves, to hunt, and to protect the stateRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms790 Words   |  4 PagesOur founding father gave American citizens the right to bear arms, but was that the best idea or was it even the safest idea? Many Americans today own a gun and the majority use their gun in a safe manner. However, when the gun was first invented, it was intended to kill whether that be hunting, self-defense, or in battle. The gun is still to this day intended to kill and will always hold that purpose. Americans were given the right to bear arms in a time of need during the end of the revolutionaryRead MoreThe Right Of Bear Arms1236 Words   |  5 Pages The right to bear arms is a heated subject today. People on both sides of the debate are adamant in their beliefs about whether or not we have the right to own, carry, and use firearms. Those who believe firmly in the Second Amendment cannot be swayed by even the most persuasive argument that there is too much gun violence in this country. In much the same way, gun control activists are dismissive and even condescending towards those who put the Constitution and personal freedom before statisticsRead MoreThe Right And Bear Arms1663 Words   |  7 PagesChristal Blege April 23, 2015 Professor Swint. The right to bear arms? Our second amendment right is something that I feel that most Americans would go to war over. I never grew up around guns, I have never held a gun, or discharged a gun. More importantly, I have never used a gun to protect me, my property or my family. This is why I fail to see the fascination people have with the right to own a gun, especially military grade firearms like assault rifles. â€Å"Assault rifles were designed toRead MoreThe Right Of Bear Arms1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe right to bear arms is assured in the constitution by the Second Amendment. Liberals are attempting to alter the constitution by any mean necessary. They are trying to prohibit handguns and/or limit sales. Studies have proven that gun control could not stop people from carrying out crimes. During the development of this country, the Founding Fathers were establishing a system of government during the final drafts of the Constitution, many dreaded that a standing army, commanded by a centralizedRe ad MoreThe Right to Bear Arms1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Right to Bear Arms The American Constitution was a book of laws that gave a brief explanation of the American Dream. In the Constitution, there were ten laws that were considered the â€Å"Civil Rights,† and one of these laws laid commonly questioned and tested. The second Amendment of the Constitution: the right to bear arms was a very significant law in the American Constitution, since it has two sides of opinion. Many Americans consider that people should not have the right to bear armsRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms1866 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In this essay highlighting the second amendment, I will focus mostly on the right to bear arms. The Second Amendment states, â€Å" A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† I think that the founders put this in the constitution to keep the sense of freedom they had in England concerning arms, and other than a small force of paid officers, the United States had no professional, trainedRead MoreThe Right And Bear Arms Essay2583 Words   |  11 Pages There are and always will be people disagreeing over the controversial Second Amendment, the right to bear arms, however there are several reasons why the Second Amendment is beneficial to the community. The Second Amendment to certain people in the United States is seen as an amendment that represents their freedom. Some of the key reasons that the right to bear arms is beneficial to the community is that it allows for citiz ens to hunt and provide for their families, it allows for people to protectRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesThe Right to Bear Arms How many of us want the U.S. government to have the right to tell us what to do, and when w can do it. There are probably not many who would agree that the government should have that right. Though having gun control laws is not to that extreme, some would say it is the first step. Growing up in a small town, and also growing up with guns my whole life I was one of those people who did not want gun control laws. Then after reading two articles that discussed this topic

Corporate Strategy and Business Leadership †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Strategy and Business Leadership. Answer: Introduction: The strategic analysis is one of the basic tools that are used by all business organizations in the process of implementing the business plan(Zott and Amit2013). The process of strategic analysis is often associated with that of identifying the internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization that can be used in the process of making marketing plan(Langley et al. 2013). For MyCoPvt. Ltd, it is essential to make use of effective strategy, which is needed in the process of dealing with the tough level of competition in the market of management consultancy firms. The major challenges that are faced by Management Consultancy firms are mainly due to the structure of the business (Langley et al. 2013). There are several forces of change that are faced by the Management Consultancy firms, which are the cause of major strategic challenges. Things to be avoided Things that should be practised Ambiguity Flexible, transparent and open minded approach Selfishness Solidarity and greater unity Philosophy undertaken during merger Shared ideology Any kind of business practise before merger Unified and strategic business plans Dominant behaviour and dictatorship Shared and New corporate culture Internal politics and Self-preservation Equitable and shared decisions Segmentation of human capabilities Enhanced level of capability A strict domain of superiority and inferiority Proper motivation and Enthusiasm Debt differentials and retaining of resources Debt preservation and Unique resources (Source: Galliers and Leidner2014) Customer Retention Organisations make several efforts in order to retain their customers and to attract a fresh group of customers for escalating their profit margin(Boulding et al., 2013). They implement competitive strategies; propose implementation of the flexible supply and demand management with a goal of delivering their valuable customers consistent and high level of supply(Mithas, Krishnan and Fornell, C., 2013). However, despite their constant effort, customers do not stay loyal to one particular organisation for time immoral. The same thing has happened in case of MyCo Pty Ltd. Their group of trusted customers have been undertaken by the The Hackett Group this may be due to competitive price and better offering of services. In order to outnumber The Hackett Group in profit margin, MyCo Pty Ltd must move beyond the common thought of customer satisfaction and think something new in the grounds of customer retention via customer relationship management. The important areas of customer retention management are relationship marketing efforts, service failure management and service recovery efforts, compatibility management and defection management(Khan 2012). In order to build stronger relationship with the customer, MyCo Pty Ltd must employ strong relationship marketing(Nguyen and Mutum2012). Customer relationship marketing promotes long standing business success. Compatibility management promotes the concept of customer to customer interaction. In customer to customer interaction, the company must establish the concept of upbeat encounters while avoiding other unnecessary encounters that deals with dissatisfaction among the customers(Martin and Martin 2016). In the ground of defection management, the company must look into innovative in approach to minimise the chances of customer defections(Riebe et al 2014). Service Failure Management is one of the important aspect lying behind customer retention. Service failure in case of management consultancy can be defined certain inability to meet the expectation of the customers in term of the propose service. This intangibility in the service gives rise to service failure. The nature of business in the management consultancy firms demands rigorous interactions with the clients. Such interactions offer the chances of service failure. One of the best possible ways which MyCo Pty Ltd. Must undertaken in order to prevent service failure is plan things properly from the beginning and avoid relying on the service recovery management to keep the customers loyalty. Doing things right and managing the action plan properly from the beginning of the service can only be achieved via identifying the possible pitfalls of the delivery process. Other way of identifying the pitfalls of the service delivery plan is to vouch for customers suggestion and to learn fr om the previous faults. MyCo Pty Ltd. Must also reduces complexity of the service procurement, promote positive word-of-mouth communication and concentrate on supplying high quality service. In the domain of dealing with the quality services, their inseparability and perception must be taken into consideration. Here the management consultancy must try to split their nature of service and manage the dealing between the service providers and the customers and thereby improving the delivery system. Another chord behind the service failure is lack of proper communication between the employees and the customers. Here the employees must be trained in their communication skills. Since MyCo Pty Ltd. is merging with Canberra Pty Ltd, lobbying firm, it must take the communication skills of the Canberra Pty Ltd employees into consideration too. If they are efficient in communication skills then building a team with permutation and combination with Canberra Pty Ltd employees and old MyCo Pty Lt d. will lead to the development of effective communication skills(La and Choi 2012). Table: Other strategies that must be undertaken under the banner of customer retention Strategies Designing of interviewing method in order to identify employees with potentially efficient skills in communication. Such employees must be assigned to serve the important yet trusted customers in a proactive approach Organising training programs in order to sensitised existing and newly merged employees to communication issues Proper training of the employees in the front line. They must be trained in such a way that they listen to each and every customer needs and act accordingly. The employees of Canberra Pty Ltd who are excellent in communication must be hired for this process Total revamp of the organisation structure allowing the employees to be more responsive Allowing the customers to log complain in case of dissatisfaction and then methodically monitor those complain cards and design the best possible plan to fix the same There must remain specific exist interviews or exist forms in which the customers after receiving the service will be requested to highlight pitfalls of the service if any (Source: Casadesus?Masanell and Zhu 2013) Effective Brand Management MyCo Pty Ltd has faced a huge loss in front of their competitors and the main reason behind this is lack of proper brand awareness and negligence in brand management. The in order to thrive in the competitive market, the principal target for this firm willbe proper brand management. Brand building is no doubt a difficult job and hence demands a prior solid planning. These advance brand building planning falls under the strategic brand management. The principal role of the strategic brand management is to escalate the brand equity of the company is a completely new level which is definitely better than before. MyCo Pty Ltd needs to follow four basic steps for brand building(Santos-Vijande et al. 2013). Brand positioning: Brand positioning is the first and the foremost step in brand management. It determines the exact brand positioning in a way in which the firm wants. The managing authority here needs to find and differentiate crucial factors in their brand, something which projects their consultancy service unique among the other market contemporaries. Via indentifyingtheir unique trait, they need to position their brand, or in this case their service accordingly. This unique positioning will provide the brand of the company a much needed boost and this will in turn affect the overall performance. Thus the first step towards strategic branding is defining the position which the brand wants to project in the market(Hassan and Craft 2012). Brand Marketing: Once the brand positioning has been framed then they need to implement this brand positions and this will be done via brand management. Brand marketing can be done via several media like social media marketing, print media marketing, erecting banners on road side etc. Via brand marketing, MyCo Pty Ltd will actually make their presence felt in the market. Productive brand marketing will also project MyCo Pty Ltd and Canberra Pty Ltd as a merger brand. A merger brand and its promotion have positive impact on the customers. The value of the brand marketing must be built with proper research. MyCo Pty Ltd is now no longer a management consultancy. It is now an amalgamation of a management consultancy and a lobbying firm. So the brand marketing must project the thoughts and value of business of both the firm. In this way, the prospective customer will gain a new and innovative message regarding the newly created brand, helping the company to gain brand awareness(Wirtz et al., 2013). Brand Performance and Analysis: Once the brand has been marketed properly, then comes the task of analysing the brand performance in the market. In order to analyse the brand performance in the market, through brand audit needs to be conducted and that too on a periodic basis. This will help in the elucidation of the real performance of the brand. Thus brand audit will also try and analysing how the brand has performed with respect to their competitive brand The Hackett Group. The performance of brand with respect to their competitors with help the company to evaluate their current stand in the market and how they can improvise their plan in the future(Freling and Forbes 2013). Building Brand Value: This is the last step of strategic brand management. In this step, the value of the brand is being created via undertaking several measures. Since after merging, this company is heading for a new start, company may not be able to offer too much value to their customer. MyCo Pty Ltd and Canberra Pty Ltd have their own brand values previously. However, MyCo Pty Ltd brand value was previously decreased leading to merger acquisition. MyCo Pty Ltd needs to on work on their brand value from sketch while taking inputs and strength from the brand value of Canberra Pty Ltd to project their new brand in all new way. Moreover in order to increase their brand value, the company needs to into new markets. A brand manager is the one who will help the company in spotting and market and possible strategy of entering that market. The brand manager needs to keep adding value to the brand while repeating the previous steps in order to maintain a constant change brand position as p er the changing market demand or the demand of the prospective customers(Tukej, Golob and Podnar2013). Table: Other Brand Management Strategies Individual Branding Multi Product Branding Sub-branding Co-branding Iconic Branding Inviting a new yet creative logo where name or the signature of both the organisation is being reflected (Source: Rosenbaum-Elliott, Percy and Pervan2015) Proper Employee Training No matter what the sign of the company is, deals like merging between two big companies affect every employee as they come across innumerable questions. Mergers or acquisitions are not as simple as penning a contract and then turning around the table. Employees are the asset of the company. In the transition phase of merger, the employees can get a bit lost or may become frustrated leading to significant disruption and downtime. Downtime means loss in sales percentage. On the other hand, the existing customers demands prompt and quick service despite major company changes occurring in the back ground. Inorder to meet the expectations of the customers as well as sales, employees must be thoroughly trained and the training process must be quick and efficient(Shiryan, Sheeand Stewart 2012). Each and every department of the company requires some degree of training in order to ensure that the transition of organisation is smooth and hassle free. MyCo Pty Ltd is a management consultancy and on the other hand, Canberra Pty Ltd. is a lobbying firm so expertise and the job role of the employees differ and hence proper training is mandatory in order to make the merging deal a successful and economical(Elnaga and Imran 2013). Myco Pty Ltd employees needs training as it is under their regime that Myco Pty Ltd has experience a loss. This training program must be directed towards communication skills, maintaining business contact, prompt and efficient service or working under stress(Mishra, Boynton and Mishra 2014). Such training can be provided by the employees of the merging organisation and in this case it is Canberra Pty Ltd. This process of employee training via the new employee of the merging organisation will not only help in the flow of the skills but will also generate co ntacts among the in-house people. Such contact among the employees will help them to work in unison, and deliver their best even during adverse condition. The principal key towards successful training program is to avoid treating the program like an afterthought. Training program must be treated like it is the ideal time to integrate the workplace culture and to curve out latest initiative that will help to retain and refine the star performer(Wang, Waldman and Zhang 2014). Table: Other promising training programs Online training Program: Online training program where videos or online interactive presentations will be distributed among the employees via sending them an official mail Onsite training Program: this will provide the employees a first-hand experience regarding how to deal with the situation and complex condition (Source: Ji et al., 2012) As a CEO of the company, I think that the policy of customer retention is valuable in terms of profit. Loyal customers are profitable. Moreover, acquiring new customers is costly. Discounted items are the first step towards attracting new customers. At this point of MyCo Pty Ltd may not afford discounted service (Sarwar, Abbasi and Pervaiz 2012). Moreover, Customer retention will indirectly promote branding as the loyal and old customers with attract fresh new customers via mouth referrals. Such publicity happens free of cost and is beneficial for the company (Sarwar, Abbasi and Pervaiz 2012). However, there are certain risks associated with the implementation of the concept of customer retention. In order to retain the old customers, competitive prices are must so that they may not get drifted towards competitors. However, offering discount will be a loss for MyCo Pty Ltd (Boulding et al. 2013). In the aim of customer retention, the new customers will remain neglected and will get m ore inclined towards the competitor company (The Hackett Groups) leading to loss in the overall customer base (Boulding et al. 2013). Not only this, in the near future it can impose few threats. At this point MyCo Pty Ltd has extremely smaller customer base. If Canberra Pty Ltd fails to successfully adhere to customer retention, it will amount to huge loss. As a CEO I cannot ignore the importance of brand management and brand promotion. Both of these help in brand recognition. Proper brand management will promote proper brand recognition in the market. It will make the customers aware of the brand and the nature of the service. Moreover, branding via promoting both the management consultancy service and lobbying in amalgamation will act as a unique tool to attract new customers (Huang and Sarigll 2014). In spite of its huge positive opportunity, it has certain pith falls. Brand management after merger can generate conflict between regarding marketing efforts. Since both are company has different job profile there may occur certain serious conflict out of different marketing strategy and efforts. While Canberra Pty Ltd marketing strategy will facilitate lobbying as principal, branding theme and MyCo Pty Ltd will promote consultany (Csar Machado et al. 2012). Another drawback of brand management is cost issue to finance the marketing proj ects. MyCo Pty Ltd has newly merged with Canberra Pty Ltd and hence ta this point spending a huge sum of money for marketing and promotion can cost negatively to the overall sales number the company (Csar Machado et al. 2012). Moreover, customer at times may become confused about the brand new presence of a new brand altogether, leading to customer confusion and loss of customers (Csar Machado et al. 2012). The effectiveness of employee training is skill exchange. Training program organised between the employees of MyCo Pty Ltd and Canberra Pty will promote exchange of skills, ideas and thoughts. Such productive exchange of expertise will aid in better performance of the employees (Parsons, Rollyson and Reid, 2012). However, it may lead to loss of time and resource. training of employee during the office hours will lead to los of man power. Moreover training of the employee beyond office hours will lead a huge loss in resource (Parsons, Rollyson and Reid, 2012). It can also account for low Employee retention due to low employee engagement. The majority of the senior employee at times may take this training program procured by the juniors in a negative way leading to generation of unrest. Moreover some employee may not welcome the concept of training beyond the office hours (Parsons, Rollyson and Reid, 2012). Moreover, the concept of employee training via the employee might not be welcom ed by the higher authority of the Canberra Ptv and the senior employees providing training may demand certain financial privilege leading to further financial loss (Parsons, Rollyson and Reid, 2012). CEO leadership The CEO is an acronym for the chief executive officer of a company. It is the position designated to the senior-most officer or leader of a company. The CEO position requires a lot of qualities and is not easy to achieve. Quick decision making, resilient, relentless, curious, risk taking, communication skill, optimistic, realistic, visionary, courage, honest are some of the qualities of a CEO (Menz 2012). However, one of the finest qualities of a CEO is leadership quality (Dinh et al. 2014). The ability to manage the people and take decisions diligently for the welfare and growth of the company is one of the critical roles of a CEO (Menz 2012). The company stands on the shoulder of a CEO. Other staffs and individuals are equally important for the growth of the company; ultimately, the final decision is undertaken by the CEO. With proper leadership qualities, a proper solution for the problem can be achieved in a company. As stated in the Contingency Leadership Theory, there is no single quality that defines a leader and depending on the situation, every leader has its own unique style of dealing with a situation (Battilana and Casciaro 2012). Hence, with every problem is an opportunity for the leader to grow and learn and improve. As seen in the present case, the CEO has to critically analyse the competitor company The Hackett Group. It is the role of the CEO to estimate the strength and weakness of the competitor company and then analyse the opportunities and threats posed by the company. By proper SWOT analysis, a meaningful approach can be taken to deal with the situation. As the Hackett Group is a renowned company and is well recognized by the people, it is important for the CEO to discuss and engage with other people of the company to provide services that are at par or better than the rival company. Leadership is a form of art where the leader should be able to motivate and influence others in order to achieve the goal. Interpersonal influences have a great impact on the leadership role of a CEO. In order to persuade the Canberra Pty Ltd to work together, it depends on the leadership quality of the CEO. In one of the famous theories such as Transformational Leadership Theory, it states that a leader is recognized by its ability of interaction and communication. It is necessary for the leader to build trust and maintain a good and healthy relationship with other people to inspire people to work with the company (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo and Gutirrez-Gutirrez 2012). In the present scenario, it is the duty of the CEO to follow and imply this theory in order to influence and persuade Canberra Pty Ltd to work in collaboration. In order to persuade to work in collaboration, the CEO must be able to exhibit the benefits and opportunities obtained for both the company by working together. It is also necessary for the CEO to analyze the impact of merging on its own company. In order to provide new and better services to the client and compete with the competitor firm, it is important for both the firms (MyCo Pty Ltd and Canberra Pty Ltd) to have common goals and objectives so then it will be able to devise a common plan and strategy to overcome the situation. Curiosity and intellectual is other traits observed in the leader (Dinh et al. 2014). The CEO should be able to apply logical and scientific and open mind approach to the problem. As required in the present scenario, the CEO should be able to make sound judgment of what is good for the growth of the company. This is achieved through proper knowledge and high intellectual (Vaccaro et al. 2012). The decision to merge with Canberra Pty Ltd exhibits high intellectual capacity of the CEO. Intellectual curiosity is an important requirement of a leader. As the CEO is responsible for all the decisions taken in the company, it is the duty of the CEO to convey the message to the followers and those affected by the decision. Merging two companies is a very big step and consent from all the individuals is necessary to make the decision into effects. However, accepting change is a difficult task. It is the CEO role to communicate and explain to followers the reason behind the change and the benef its associated with it. Communication helps in the development of interpersonal skill of the person, which is required for the leadership role (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland 2013). In this case, visionary trait is exhibited by the CEO. To be able to foresee the dangers posed by the competitor company and develop strategic planning to combat the problem is another quality of the leader (Lukac and Frazier 2012). The CEO was able to anticipate the problems and decided to build strong bonds with Canberra Pty Ltd so as to better face the problems. Accepting flaws and negative feedback is also important for a leader (Yukl 2012). The CEO analyzed the incapacity of the company to compete the competitor company alone. After carefully studying the potential of Canberra Pty Ltd and evaluating the prospect of the company, the decision to merge the companies was taken. This shows the visionary and resilient attitude of the CEO. The leader should also be aware of the rules and regulations presiding in the company and should keep a check of any update in the laws or rules followed by the company (Yukl 2012). The CEO in the case was aware of the recent legislation changes in the lobbying firms in the UK. Same changes were also expected to occur in the lobbying firms of Australia. The CEO was prepared for such changes to occur and developed appropriate plan and strategy to deal with such changes. As stated in the Behavioural Theory, there are certain behaviours specific to the leaders that exhibit leadership quality in the person. These behaviours are core inherited among the leaders, which is seen in the CEO of the company (Gavetti et al. 2012). The CEO is recognized as a skilful person and performs a number of roles in a company such as informational role in which the CEO keeps everyone in the company informed about the whereabouts of the company and is himself aware of all the internal and external happenings of the company. Apart from this there are decisional and interpersonal roles performed by the CEO. The CEO exhibit a number of skills such as technical skill, conceptual skill, and even human skill (Peni 2014). The CEO should be able to easily socialize with others so as to influence people to work for the growth of the company(Galpin and Lee Whittington 2012). The CEO is the role model of the company. In order to make any changes or transformation in the company meaningful, a leader should be able to work diligently and passionately (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland 2013). The decision taken by the CEO will have a direct impact on the company and the people related to the company. Hence, it is important for the CEO to critically analyse the situation and perform its role with utmost care and dedication. The effort applied by the CEO directly impact the growth and welfare of the company. Reflections on why I should be appointed as the CEO of MyCo Pty Ltd Innovativeness and sociability are important characteristics of the CEO (Peni 2014). As seen in My MMAP Profile and Feedback, I have 95% of innovation skill. This indicates that I can provide creative ideas and innovative services to the company. Innovation leadership is important for the growth of the company. In order for professional development of the individual and company, achievement drive is a necessity. The commitment and desire to achieve and meet the goals of the company is required in the CEO as this will drive will motivate the leader to work diligently and relentlessly. As shown, I have 99% of achievement drive. The combination of innovation and achievement drive helps me to work relentlessly in developing new and better innovative ideas for the better growth of the company. These are important traits required in the CEO in order to achieve desired goals of the company. Apart from this, I have 99% of sociability as shown in my MMAP profile. This is a very important quality of the CEO. The CEO is responsible to motivate and persuade the person to work for the company. The CEO should be able to communicate freely and independently about the ideas and objectives of the company. If implementing any changes in the company, it is the duty of the CEO to convey the message to other individuals related to the company and explained the reason behind the changes and the benefits obtained by such changes. I have excellent communication and sociability skills that will help me to better socialize with professionals and officials of other company and also represent my company effectively. Humility is another trait important in the CEO. The CEO should be able to accept feedback and take it as a positive point. Working upon the feedback helps in improvement and growth of the leader. I have 84% openness to feedback, which represent my readiness to work towards my flaws and take it as an effective tool for my personal growth and development. The CEO should be approachable to the individuals so that he is able to connect with the people and understand the problems and work towards it. This is achieved through communicating with a humble attitude. One can only provide solution to the problems, if he knows how to listen. With a humble approach, the CEO understands the value of others people in the company and get maximum cooperation from others. With my humble behaviour, I will be able to connect with the other people and thus will be able to understand and provide better solutions to the problems. Anxiety and stress has negative effects on the quality of the work. As the CEO is ultimately responsible to take all the decisions in the company, it is necessary for him to stay calm and control. The ability to manage and cope up with stress is much required in the CEO ad the work of the CEO is not an easy task and is full of stress and tension. It is shown that I have only 3% of tension, which shows that I have increased ability to cope up with stress and pressure. This is very effective for the company. It will not only help the CEO to perform better but also support other staffs that are under pressure and face anxiety issues. Apart for these positive points, my MMAP also shows negative characteristics such as only 17% competitiveness and 65% dependence. This can cause hindrance in my leadership role in the company. However, as I am open to feedback, I take it as a positive point so that I can work on my flaws and improve myself in the future. This will be helpful for me and the company both. References Battilana, J. and Casciaro, T., 2012. Change agents, networks, and institutions: A contingency theory of organizational change.Academy of Management Journal,55(2), pp.381-398. Boulding, W., Staelin, R., Ehret, M. and Johnston, W.J., 2013, May. A customer relationship management roadmap: What is known, potential pitfalls, and where to go.American Marketing Association. Casadesus?Masanell, R. and Zhu, F., 2013. Business model innovation and competitive imitation: The case of sponsor?based business models.Strategic management journal,34(4), pp.464-482. Csar Machado, J., Vacas-de-Carvalho, L., Costa, P. and Lencastre, P., 2012. Brand mergers: examining consumers' responses to name and logo design.Journal of Product Brand Management,21(6), pp.418-427. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Elnaga, A. and Imran, A., 2013. The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), pp.137-147. Freling, T.H. and Forbes, L.P., 2013. An empirical analysis of the brand personality effect.Journal of Product Brand Management. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Galpin, T. and Lee Whittington, J., 2012. Sustainability leadership: From strategy to results.Journal of Business Strategy,33(4), pp.40-48. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012.Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of business research,65(7), pp.1040-1050. Gavetti, G., Greve, H.R., Levinthal, D.A. and Ocasio, W., 2012. The behavioral theory of the firm: Assessment and prospects.Academy of Management Annals,6(1), pp.1-40. Hassan, S.S. and Craft, S., 2012.Examining world market segmentation and brand positioning strategies.Journal of Consumer marketing,29(5), pp.344-356. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Ji, L., Huang, J., Liu, Z., Zhu, H. and Cai, Z., 2012. The effects of employee training on the relationship between environmental attitude and firms' performance in sustainable development.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(14), pp.2995-3008. Khan, I., 2012.Impact of customer satisfaction and retention on customer loyalty.International Journal of Scientific Technology Research,1(2), pp.106-110. La, S. and Choi, B., 2012. The role of customer affection and trust in loyalty rebuilding after service failure and recovery.The Service Industries Journal,32(1), pp.105-125. Langley, A., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H. and Van de Ven, A.H., 2013. Process studies of change in organization and management: Unveiling temporality, activity, and flow.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), pp.1-13. Lukac, E.G. and Frazier, D., 2012.Linking strategy to value.Journal of Business Strategy,33(4), pp.49-57. Martin, C.L. and Martin, C.L., 2016. Retrospective: compatibility management: customer-to-customer relationships in service environments.Journal of Services Marketing,30(1), pp.11-15. Menz, M., 2012. Functional top management team members: A review, synthesis, and research agenda.Journal of Management,38(1), pp.45-80. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. and Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), pp.183-202. Mithas, S., Krishnan, M.S. and Fornell, C., 2013, May. Why do customer relationship management applications affect customer satisfaction?.American Marketing Association. Nguyen, B. and Mutum, D.S., 2012. A review of customer relationship management: successes, advances, pitfalls and futures.Business Process Management Journal,18(3), pp.400-419. Parsons, M.B., Rollyson, J.H. and Reid, D.H., 2012. Evidence-based staff training: a guide for practitioners.Behavior analysis in practice,5(2), pp.2-11. Peni, E., 2014. CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance.Journal of Management Governance,18(1), pp.185-205. Riebe, E., Wright, M., Stern, P. and Sharp, B., 2014. How to grow a brand: Retain or acquire customers?.Journal of Business Research,67(5), pp.990-997. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., Percy, L. and Pervan, S., 2015.Strategic brand management. Oxford University Press, USA. Santos-Vijande, M.L., del Ro-Lanza, A.B., Surez-lvarez, L. and Daz-Martn, A.M., 2013. The brand management system and service firm competitiveness.Journal of Business Research,66(2), pp.148-157. Sarwar, M.Z., Abbasi, K.S. and Pervaiz, S., 2012. The effect of customer trust on customer loyalty and customer retention: a moderating role of cause related marketing.Global Journal of Management and Business Research,12(6). Schoemaker, P.J., Krupp, S. and Howland, S., 2013. Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), pp.131-134. 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Macro Analysis Essay Example

Macro Analysis Essay The star of the film is Keanu Reeves who plays a hero called Neyo and it was directed by the Wachowski Brothers. The Wachowski Brothers set out to devise a film with action that had never been produced before. There are certain film narratives that the audience expects when they go see The Matrix, they expect special effects, lots of action, an engaging storyline, futuristic elements and relationships formed within characters. These narratives are met in The Matrix, which satisfy the audience when they go to watch it. Their are however disruptive narrative elements throughout the film which cause problems for Neyo however when he defeats his enemy Agent Smith they are destroyed. This happens in the scene with a fight between Neyo (the main protagonist) and Agent Smith (the main antagonist). At the start of this scene Neyo has still not solved how to use his powers effectively and he is unsure of whether he is the one. In the film being the one means that he is prophesized to have great powers that will lead the humans to overthrow the machines and reclaim the earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Macro Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Macro Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Macro Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The genre is an action/sci-fi film, in the majority of action films they are confronted with their enemy at the end and Neyo was put in a situation where he had to confront his enemy. Other action films where this happens are Rambo, James Bond, other action/sci-fi films include this are Star Wars and The Chronicles of Riddick. It is a sci-fi because it is based in an alternative world showing what the future is like. Luke Skywalker (from Star Wars) and Neyo have many similarities in the fact they both struggled at first adapting to their newfound powers and both lose close friends that have guided them. Neyos narrative quest starts as to destroy the machines however his leader Morpheus is kidnapped. Like many action films there is always a damsel in distress that needs rescuing. When Neyo battles agent Smith the scene is highly choreographed and contains CGI. The use of the stunts shows powerful abnormal human abilities, which create excitement and engagement from the audience. Action/sci-fi films usually have an action scene where the main character performs a spectacular stunt. There are many in The Matrix however there is a key one during this battle. With the help of special effects Neyo does a backward somersault out of a railway track leaving Agent Smith their in an attempt to try and defeat him. Neyo is unsuccessful in defeating Agent Smith because of his ability to shape-shift. As with many climatic sequences in action films, the action hero is not always in control, Neyo realizes he is no match for Agent Smith so he has no choice other than run from him and his other agents. Neyo runs through an unspecified (known as the matrix) city looking for a telephone that will take him back to the real world (the future world). However the Agents are shooting at him with guns and are not far behind him. The huge jumps, gunshots and fast pace are what the audience expects in a climatic sequence of an action film. There is another battle going on in the real world (the future world), Neyos crew are in danger. The crews spaceship is on the verge of being attacked by the machines. Therefore there is a battle between Neyo versus the Agents and the rest of the crew versus the machines. This idea is shown in many other sci-fi films including Gattica where there is a battle between freedom of individuality versus control by the government and brother versus brother. Sci-fi films are usually set in unrecognizable locations. In The Matrix they do not show any landmarks of a present day city. This is used to show that it is in a world that we are in but to convey it is not real. In the real world (the future world) it is totally unrecognizable because its in the future and everything is futuristic which is shown in all sci-fi films. Neyo is eventually caught by the Agents and Agent Smith shoots him 4 times. In many action films there is a moment where you think that our action hero is defeated. For instance in the Fifth Element where Corbin (action hero) cannot figure out how to light the stones to save the world from destruction. When Neyo is shot the camera shows a close-up shot of Neyo realizing that he is dead but then he comes back to life because he really is the one. The Agents try shooting at him again but he stops the bullets. He then fights Agent Smith and destroys him so the other two Agents flee. This sequence shows a narrative and genre that are similar in many other action/sci-fi films that are recognizable to an audience.

Medieval Life essays

Medieval Life essays The Middle Ages was a period in Western European history that followed the collapse of the Roman Empire between the 4th and 5th centuries and lasted up into the 15th century. Medieval Europe was far from unified. It was a large area split into small, culturally diverse units that were never totally in control by any one authority. With the collapse of the Roman Empire, Christianity became the backbone of Western civilization. The papacy gradually gained secular authority and monastic communities, generally under the Rule of St. Benedict, flourished during this time period. By the 8th century, culture centered on Christianity had been established. Feudalism, with the manorial system as its backbone, became the typical social and political organization of Europe. The new framework gained stability from the 11th century, as the invaders became Christian and settled and as prosperity was created by agricultural innovations, increasing productivity, and population expansion. As Eu rope entered the period known as the High Middle Ages, the church became the widespread and unifying institution. Strong popes, especially Gregory VII, worked for a renewed Europe guided by a centralized church, a goal which evolved under Innocent III. The church was weakened by internal conflicts as well as by quarrels between church and state. Finally, the great medieval unity of Christianity was shattered by the religious theories that culminated in the Protestant Reformation. The transition from the Greco-Roman world to the medieval world was a sharp break from the ancient past which preceded it. More specifically, the church and state were never separate entities during ancient times. Also, in terms of economics, the economy that was created in Greece and Rome centered on agriculture saw little change during the transition into the Middle Ages. Indeed, Europe during the Middle Ages took a sharp break from the tradition and legacy that was formed...

Abortion Issues - How They Affect American Politics

Abortion Issues - How They Affect American Politics Abortion issues surface in almost every American election, whether its a local race for school board, a statewide race for governor or a federal contest for Congress or the White House. Abortion issues have polarized American society since the U.S. Supreme Court legalized the procedure. On one side are those who believe women are not entitled to end the life of an unborn child. On the other are those who believe women have the right to decide what happens to their body. Often there is no room for debate between the side. Related Story: Is Abortion the Right Thing to Do? In general, most Democrats support a womans right to have an abortion and most Republicans oppose it. There are notable exceptions, though, including some politicians who have waffled on the issue. Some Democrats who are conservative when it comes to social issues such oppose abortion rights, and some moderate Republicans are open to allowing women to have the procedure. A 2016 Pew Research Survey  found that 59 percent of Republicans believe abortion should be illegal, and 70 percent of Democrats believe the procure should be allowed. Overall, though, a narrow majority of Americans - 56 percent in the Pew poll  -   support legalized abortion and 41 percent oppose it.  In both cases, these figures have remained relatively stable for at least two decades, the Pew Researchers found. When Abortion Is Legal In the United States Abortion refers to the voluntary termination of a pregnancy, resulting in the death of the fetus or embryo. Abortions performed prior to the third trimester are legal in the United States.Abortion-rights advocates believe a woman should have access to whatever health care she needs and that she should have control over her own body. Opponents of abortion rights believe an embryo or fetus is alive and thus abortion is tantamount to murder.   Current Status The most controversial of abortion issues is the so-called partial birth abortion, a rare procedure. Beginning in the mid-90s, Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate introduced legislation to ban partial birth abortions. In late 2003, Congress passed and President George W. Bush signed the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.This law was drafted after the Supreme Court ruled Nebraskas partial birth abortion law unconstitutional because it did not allow a doctor to use the procedure even if it were the best method to preserve the health of the mother. Congress attempted to circumvent this ruling by declaring that the procedure is never medically necessary. History Abortion has existed in almost every society and was legal under Roman law, which also condoned infanticide. Today, almost two-thirds of the women in the world may obtain a legal abortion.When America was founded, abortion was legal. Laws prohibiting abortion were introduced in the mid-1800s, and, by 1900, most had been outlawed. Outlawing abortion did nothing to prevent pregnancy, and some estimates put the number of annual illegal abortions from 200,000 to 1.2 million in the 1950s and 1960s.States began liberalizing abortion laws in the 1960s, reflecting changed societal mores and, perhaps, the number of illegal abortions.  In 1965, the Supreme Court introduced the idea of a right to privacy in Griswold v. Connecticut as it struck down laws that banned the sale of condoms to married people.Abortion was legalized in 1973 when the U.S.Supreme Court ruled in Roe v. Wade that during the first trimester, a woman has the right to decide what happens to her body. This landmark decision rested on the right to privacy which was introduced in 1965. In addition, the Court ruled that the state could intervene in the second trimester and could ban abortions in the third trimester. However, a central issue, which the Court declined to address, is whether human life begins at conception, at birth, or at some point in between.In 1992, in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the court overturned Roes trimester approach and introduced the concept of viability. Today, approximately 90% of all abortions occur in the first 12 weeks.In the 1980s and 1990s, anti-abortion activism spurred on by opposition from Roman Catholics and conservative Christian groups turned from legal challenges to the streets. The organization Operation Rescue organized blockades and protests around abortion clinics. Many of these techniques were prohibited by the 1994 Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) Act. Pros Most polls suggest that Americans, by a slim majority, call themselves pro-choice rather than pro-life. That does not mean, however, that everyone who is pro-choice believes that abortion is acceptable under any circumstance. A majority support at least minor restrictions, which the Court found reasonable as well under Roe.Thus the pro-choice faction contains a range of beliefs from no restrictions (the classic position) to restrictions for minors (parental consent) ... from support when a womans life is endangered or when the pregnancy is the result of rape to opposition just because a woman is poor or unmarried.Principle organizations include the Center for Reproductive Rights, The National Organization for Women (NOW), National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL), Planned Parenthood, and the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice. Cons The pro-life movement is thought of as more black-and-white in its range of opinions than the pro-choice faction. Those who support life are more concerned with the embryo or fetus and believe that abortion is murder. Gallup polls starting in 1975 consistently show that only a minority of Americans (12-19 percent) believe that all abortions should be banned.Nevertheless, pro-life groups have taken a strategic approach to their mission, lobbying for mandated waiting periods, prohibitions on public funding and denial of public facilities.In addition, some sociologists suggest that abortion has become a symbol of the changing status of women in society and of changing sexual mores. In this context, pro-life supporters may reflect a backlash against the womens movement.Principle organizations include the Catholic Church, Concerned Women for America, Focus on the Family, and National Right to Life Committee. Where It Stands President George W. Bush supported and signed the constitutionally questionable partial-birth abortion ban and, as Governor of Texas, vowed to put an end to abortion. Immediately after taking office, Bush eliminated U.S. funding to any international family planning organization that provided abortion counseling or services even if they did so with private funds.There was no easily-accessed issue statement about abortion on the 2004 candidate web site. However, in an editorial entitled The War Against Women the New York Times wrote: The lengthening string of anti-choice executive orders, regulations, legal briefs, legislative maneuvers, and key appointments emanating from his administration suggests that undermining the reproductive freedom essential to womens health, privacy and equality is a major preoccupation of his administration - second only, perhaps, to the war on terrorism.

Explaining the civil trial process Research Paper

Explaining the civil trial process - Research Paper Example Notably, the above processes or procedures start after a plaintiff has filed a complaint against defendant with the appropriate court. Appropriateness of court is determined by various factors that include the origin of the plaintiff and defendant, the basis of the complaint, and the damages sought by the plaintiff (Pozgar & Santucci, 2011). For instance, if the plaintiff and defendant come from the same state, then the complaint can be filed within the state’s law courts. In the event that either of the parties is from a different state then a federal court would be appropriate in filing the complaint. In addition, if the complaint is where Amber Andetti (the plaintiff) is seeking to be compensated for damages that are below $3,000, then the most appropriate court is the Small Claims Court, otherwise other forms of courts could be appropriate if the amount is higher (Pozgar, 2007). The first process in a civil case after the complaint is filed is jury selection. Jury selection is the choosing of people who will serve at the trial jury. Even though every individual has the right for a trial jury, the concept is optional for civil cases but mandatory for criminal cases. Once the selection of jury is done the next process within the civil case will be delivery of opening statements (Pozgar, 2007). Opening statements are brief statements that the attorney makes to jury outlining facts as they see them and how they are going to proceed with the case. It should be noted that opening statements made by attorneys are not evidences since attorneys are not witnesses. The second step after opening statements is the presentation of evidence. Presentation of evidence involves witnesses of the plaintiff followed by the witnesses of the defendant. After the presentation of evidence by the witnesses of the defendant, any rebuttal

Management seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Management seminar - Essay Example The author says, "Some companies are making significant progress in stripping away stumbling blocks to gender diversity," (Issue 9, Women in Corporate Levels pg. 133). Among the diversity strategies, there is effective communication in the business case effectively within the whole organization beginning with the top administration. In this case, managers have the responsibility of availing broadcasts to their employees. This means that employees of both genders will be able to follow up on their proceedings and programs thereby enhancing diversity at the workplace. In the process of cultivating female leaders, the organizations should have the core objective of helping women to realize success. Using Safeway as an example, it realized that 70% of their customers were women. On realizing this, they had to broaden the diversity of their personnel so as to bring reflection of their client base. Male leaders have always been on the Frontline of every job opportunities, including grocery. The company realized that it could help women reach their success by employing them in these departments. In the process of developing future leaders, through the Retail Leadership Development (RLD) programs, women should be given chances. When this initiative came in, it particularly targeted women so as to increase the number of women who attend training. In this program, there were efforts to encourage women to advance towards managerial positions. It also ensured all the employees had equal opportunities for coaching, development, and advancing. There was also the establishment of womens development networks. This was primarily established for those women who were interested in advancing into management. This development network provides learning and networking opportunities for women across different sectors. They can share ideas, views as well as ideologies, getting

Tv Gives Children Unrealistic Expectations Essay Example for Free

Tv Gives Children Unrealistic Expectations Essay A few months after my friend Angela, who lives in Santo Domingo, acquired access to premium channels such as HBO, Cinemax, etc. her eight years old daughter asked her one night: Mom, are there poor people in the United States? This could have been a Joke if it were not so revealing. My friend realized that the luxurious scenes shown on television were not only giving her daughter a false idea about life in the United States, but they could also be creating unrealistic expectations in the girls mind concerning life in general. The same situation is faced by children and eenagers all over the United Sates. To a childs eyes, television represents a parallel reality with its own rules and laws, a reality in which everything is not only possible and easy, but is obviously more appealing to his/her mind than the sometimes bleak or deprived household in which he or she lives. The problem is real and is not going away. On the contrary, it is only strengthened by the leading role played by television in the upbringing of children, as parents are forced to work long hours and depend more and more on the electronic nanny for the childrens entertainment. Unfortunately, the damage done to the children is serious and has unpredictable consequences in the long run. On the one hand, we have a powerful industry that feeds on audiences regardless of their age, sex or personal characteristics; an industry that harness the imagination of the viewers and, as such, has limitless resources and only one goal: production. On the other hand, we have a defenseless child who spends long hours in front of a TV set, sometimes in the privacy of his own room. Children do not have the ability to analyze or screen the information presented to them. All the images and messages rapped up in the movies, programs or commercials go straight through to the subconscious mind of a child and become the storeroom from which he will draw tomorrow in response to the demands of his environment. Studies performed at MIT have demonstrated that the brain is more active during our sleep than during the times we watch TV. It is precisely that passivity which entraps the child and renders him helpless. Watching TV is not a creative activity. The child does not have to do anything only sit there and absorb the images and the sounds, Just like a plant absorbs the sun. This characteristic makes TV and ideal way o escape reality and go into a world of our own making where everything is possible. Additionally, children can find that TV is a less demanding and more peaceful place to be than their homes, with parents quarreling all the time, when they are present It is in this way that superheroes, gangsters or the latest rock star form a solid bond with our children and it is here they learn to mimic them. We have all learned of cases where children have Jumped from high buildings, expecting to fly or have killed their little sibling Just as seen on their favorite movie. But these are only the most

Essay --

The World Health Organization defines being healthy as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† Unfortunately for races that are at disadvantages that definition has very little weight behind it. This issue or racism is not only apparent in health status, it is also obvious in health care and in current health care research for the treatment and cure of diseases. Therefore, current African Americans are not [FINISH THESIS] One main factor in the fight for equality in healthcare is access to health insurance. In 2012 more that 44 million non-elderly citizens did not have medical insurance and did not have the finical ability to access healthcare. Racial minorities accounted for a large disproportionate amount of that uninsured number. Over 18% of people of color under the age of 65 years old are currently without health insurance. In the United States, health insurance access is often tied to their employer. Due to many forms of discrimination, racial minorities have found themselves placed in low wage jobs. Th... Essay -- The World Health Organization defines being healthy as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† Unfortunately for races that are at disadvantages that definition has very little weight behind it. This issue or racism is not only apparent in health status, it is also obvious in health care and in current health care research for the treatment and cure of diseases. Therefore, current African Americans are not [FINISH THESIS] One main factor in the fight for equality in healthcare is access to health insurance. In 2012 more that 44 million non-elderly citizens did not have medical insurance and did not have the finical ability to access healthcare. Racial minorities accounted for a large disproportionate amount of that uninsured number. Over 18% of people of color under the age of 65 years old are currently without health insurance. In the United States, health insurance access is often tied to their employer. Due to many forms of discrimination, racial minorities have found themselves placed in low wage jobs. Th...

Hospital Administration

Quality Improvement Programme (Toward Excellence Health center for the Community) Excellence Health center for the Community) CoH CoH Quality Improvement Programme CoH Quality is very Sweet for speak, but difficult to implement. â€Å"Quality at Grassroots levels: Patient Perspectives † because because Quality is Never Improved without accepting facts without accepting facts. Dr. J. L. Meena State Quality Assurance Officer Commissionerate of Health & FW Government of Gujarat Email:- [email  protected] com Web:- www. gujhealth. gov. in/quality-assurance-program. htm www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. MeenaHealth & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Old Scenario of Health Centers. 1 CoH www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Old Scenario of Health Centers. 3 CoH Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 5 2 CoH †¢ Poor sanitation and cleanliness. †¢ Very poor Drainage facility. †¢ Poor housekeeping service. â € ¢ Very poor Biomedical waste & infection control practice. †¢ No cattle guard. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Old Scenario of Health Centers. †¢ Non sterile suction tube & oxygen mask? †¢ Empty Oxygen Cylinders. Instrument with rust & Non sterile. www. gujhealth. gov. in Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Old Scenario of Health Centers. Building maintenance was extremely unsatisfactory – Leaking roof, eroded floors, over flowing toilets, broken doors, No patient safety (Open transformer with Parking facilities. Invite for disaster ? ), No safe drinking water facilities. no employee safety, poor lighting and no ventilation sign. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena 4 CoH †¢ Un-used instrument & equipments †¢ No proper used of instruments Crush Card trolley contained:- Comb, Toothpaste, Oil, Glass etc for save the pt. th www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 6 Old Scenario of Health Centers. CoH CoH †¢ Very poorly managed end of life †¢ No respect to Human body †¢ Very worst condition of Post Martum Room. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 7 CoH ?Why should we care? should we care? ?Is improvement possible? ?What seems to make seems to make a difference? ?Why aren’t we doing a better job? www. gujhealth. gov. in GOAL Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat National Human Right Commission (NHRC Report 1999 NHRC ) Report – 1999 CoH D Grade for Mental Hospital Ahmedabad www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat HOW TO ACHIEVE EXCELLENCE IN HEALTH TQM-NABH†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 †¢ To develop a healthcare system based on total quality management principles (NABH / NABL) and application of information technology to achieve efficiency in operations, faster & standard communication across the state. †¢ To enhance the quality of healthcare services by providing specialized treatment and preventive healthcare at free / affordable cost. MISSION VISION †¢ To develop a pool of healthcare professionals in he public health sector trained in the implementation of health care quality standards and information technology to bring productivity and effectiveness in health care delivery system. †¢ â€Å"To be the network of finest Public Healthcare Institutions which providing quality medical care services, preventive, promotive, curative & rehabilitative health care services with the state of art technology, easy accessibility, affordability and equity to the people of Gujarat and beyond. 12 8 ?Health centers is committed to provide quality healthcare services. ?To provide the treatment as per the national and international standards. To provide treatment with the latest technology. ?To conduct trainings and workshops on regular intervals for skill development of the staffs. ?To improve the quality on continuous basis. ?To improve the quality of treatment as per the patient satisfaction survey. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Quality Objectives CoH CoH Quality Policy Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 13 ? Implementation of safety and quality practices. ? Incorporation of management tools. ? Building sustainability ? Benchmarking the indicators ? Continuous Quality Improvement ? To provide 24X7 quality services to the community. To organize and implement all the national programs. ? To provide right treatment through latest technology. ? To ensure safety of patient & employee. ? To manage Human Resources for enhancing productivity. www. gujhealth. gov. in PRACTICES IMPLEMENTED CoH ? Formation of the committees & give role and responsibility. ? Gap analysis in a standards formats and fulfilled these gaps. ? Patient and employee satisfaction survey ? Clinical protocol & Standard Operation Procedure (SOPs). ? Monitoring of the qu ality indicators. ? Implementation of Patient Rights & Responsibilities ? Facility Management Practices www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr.J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat A Case Study JOURNEY TOWARDS QUALITY JOURNEY TOWARDS QUALITY 15 1 2 †¢ Internal assessment by Quality Assurance Team. †¢ Gap analysis and submission of report and Planning for full filling the gaps. 3 †¢ Develop the action programme for filled these gaps. †¢ Proposed to TSP, NREGA, NRHM, State budget and Vanbandhu for financial requirements to full fill the gaps. 4 role & www. gujhealth. gov. in Cont†¦. Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat A Case Study JOURNEY TOWARDS QUALITY JOURNEY TOWARDS QUALITY 7 8 17 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 14 ? Disaster Preparedness Plan ? Basic Infection Control Practices ? Management of Medication of Medication Code alerts ? Incidence Reporting System RED for FIRE, YELLOW for EXTERNAL ? Hospital Safety Programme CALAMITIES, BLUE for CARDIAC ARREST, ? Patient Information BLACK for BOMB THREAT, ? Inventory Management PINK for CHILD ABDUCTION ? Quality Control & Safety in diagnostics Control Safety in diagnostics 5 †¢ Regular training of core team on standards and objective elements. †¢ Formation of QA Manual, Policy, Procedure, Forms & Formats and implement. Dr. J. L. MeenaPRACTICES IMPLEMENTED CoH CoH †¢ Orientation to Quality & NABH Standards to staffs. †¢ Formation of Committees and clarified their responsibility. CoH 16 CoH †¢ Fulfilled the Human resource, Infrastructure, equipment, instrument related gaps and Statuary requirements. †¢ AMC, Calibration & insurance of the instruments. †¢ Internal Quality Control, External Quality Control. †¢ Regular Internal audit. †¢ Plan, Do, Check & Act (PDCA Cycle for improvement) †¢ Application for Pre Assessment. †¢ Pre Assessment done by NABH Assessors from Quality Council of India. †¢ Fulfilled the Pre assessment gaps and application for final Assessment. Final Assessment done by NABH Assessors from Quality Council of India. †¢ Fulfilled the Final assessment gaps and accredited by NABH board, Quality Council of India. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 18 CoH CoH Journey of Quality Improvement (Cont)†¦ 5 Years Back CoH Today Lack of standards of standards NABH Standards for Health Centers Standards for Health Centers No Gap analysis report in standard format. Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Journey of Quality Improvement (Cont)†¦ 5 Years Back 19 CoH Hygienic, Clean & Green Hospital environment with infection control audit.Recruitment of staff as per workload through RKS and take specialist service outsource. Lack of trained health care staff for emergency (resuscitation) services, patient care service & Healthcare management. No concept of internal audits (medical audit, clinical audit & death audit etc). Dr. J. L. Meena Written policies & procedures available. Poor sanitation, cleanliness & infection control practices. Staff shortage so very poor specialist service. www. gujhealth. gov. in Statutory requirements fulfilled Absence of written policies & procedures. Outcomes†¦.. Gaps identified and addressed. Lack of Statutory requirements (e. . Licenses, Acts, Rules & Certificates). Staff trained in Basic Life Support, Advanced Cardiac Lif Ad Life Support, PG QM & AHO, NABH / NABL Assessors & Kaizen. Staff trained as internal auditors, audits conducted to find out non conformances, corrective & preventive measures taken to rectify it Dr. J. L. Meena www. gujhealth. gov. in Journey of Quality Improvement (Cont)†¦ Today 5 Years Back All required practices in place No Blood storage, CSSD, no separate OT for Eye & Gynec. , Patients attendant launch facilities. Gynec Patients attendant launch facilities Blood s torage, CSSD, separate OT for Eye & Gynec,Patients attendant launch facilities are available Patients attendant launch facilities are available. Damaged and poor condition of building & Staff Quarters. Repairing & renovation done gynecology No Calibration system of Instruments for Quality check. Calibration system of Instruments for Quality check are available. CoH Shortage of equipments and proper ambulances (transport vehicle) . Sufficient equipments and ambulances with regular monitoring by a responsible person. Lack of accountability & planning. Policy and processes for care of the patients in place Non Implementation of Different Codes in the facilities. Poor signage system.Well developed signage and displays for patient information. Absence of Patient & Employees’ satisfaction. Established. No measurable parameter for patient safety. Measurable parameters for patient safety are available. No realization of problems and weaknesses. A clear understanding of what is lackin g and what needs to be done. No monitoring or reporting of adverse events, needle stick injury, Sentinel events etc. These are being reported and are monitored. Practically non-existent security arrangement Availability of well trained security guards Absence of quality standards. Quality standards e. g. medical audit, management f medication, care of patients etc practiced No participation in EQAS/ inter laboratory Participation in EQAS / inter laboratory comparison comparisons and achieving good scores in it. Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Journey of Quality Improvement (Cont)†¦ 21 5 Years Back BLACK for BOMB THREAT, PINK for CHILD ABDUCTION www. gujhealth. gov. in Today Poor publicity of available services in the villages and in the community. Name of the Facility 3rd Party evaluation & monitoring system by PRI members. All the service which are provide by the healthcare centre are display in the community and emergency ontact number also display. D r. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat A Success Story Quality Improvement Programme:- Gujarat Team work is available, role and responsibility of all staff is cleanly mention. No Evaluation and monitoring system by PRI members (3rd party evaluation). (3 RED for FIRE, YELLOW for EXTERNAL CALAMITIES, BLUE for CARDIAC ARREST, CoH No team work, only Individual approach rather then team . Unidentified role and responsibility of staffs. Total Facility Under NABH /NABL Total Facility Under NABH /NABL which catering Tribal population Total Accredited facilities CoH 23 11 2 Medical college Hospitals 2 0 0 Medical college, Blood banks 0 6 2 5 2 No display of the Right and responsibly of the patients and employees in the facilities. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena 4 2 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Primary Health Centers (PHCs) 29 14 12 6 Community Health Centers (CHCs) Proper display of Right and responsibly of the patients and employees in the facilities. 2 2 Paraplegia Hospi tal, Ahmedabad Progress of the referred patient also monitoring by th the health centre on regular basis. ( Bi directional referral service). 6 Mental Hospitals Dental Hospitals No responsibility of referred patients . Medical college, LaboratoriesProper monitoring of Up time, down time & utilization of the instrument & equipment. 26 11 1 1 NABL Food & Drug Laboratories Total Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 23 22 Total Accredited facilities which catering tribal population District Hospitals No monitoring of Up time & down time of the instruments. 20 Today Inadequate infrastructure for handling biomedical waste and infection control safety practices www. gujhealth. gov. in Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat www. gujhealth. gov. in 2 1 103 45 Dr. J. L. Meena 2 1 28 13 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 24 India’s 1st & 2nd NABH Accredited PHC CoHCoH from Tribal Area from Tribal Area www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of G ujarat Benefits to Patients 25 CoH Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme High Quality of Care cont High Quality of Care cont†¦ www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 29 Time Morning: 9. 00 to 13. 00 Evening: 16. 00 to 18. 00 ,, ,, ,, 24 hours ,, ,, ,, ,, 9. 00 to 14. 00 Tuesday & Friday 9. 00 to 16. 00 Daily ( Except holidays) Morning: 9AM to 1 PM Evening: 4 to 6 PM Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of GujaratProvided baby kits to new born for prevent Infection & hypothermia www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH Day Certificates of age, fitness and sickness Lab services Homeopathic treatment treatment Indoor services Delivery Emergency services Vehicle for referral Medico legal services MAMTA Clinic ( Immunization, medical check-up, treatment IEC Family planning services for treatment, IEC & Family planning services for expectant mothers, children & adolescent) 11 NSV, Abdominal tubecto my , MTP & Hydrocele operation 12 All National Programme www. gujhealth. gov. in 26 Daily ( Except holidays) ,, ,, ,, Daily ,, ,, ,, ,, Monday OPD Services 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 27 CoH Availability of Services at PHC level 1 CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat www. gujhealth. gov. in Sr Name of service ?Availability of Health services with High quality of care. ?Dedicated and sincere medical staff ?Access to a quality focused organization ?Rights respected and protected ?Patient Satisfaction evaluated ?Involvement in care process ?Patient safety ?Pain management ?Safe transport ?Continuity of care www. gujhealth. gov. in India’s 1st NABH Accredited CHC Welcoming infrastructure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ infrastructure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Dr. J. L. Meena 28 CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 30 Quality Improvement ProgrammeHigh Quality of Care cont High Quality of Care cont†¦ www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement P rogramme High Quality of Care cont High Quality of Care cont†¦ www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH CoH CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme Management of Medicine Management of Medicine†¦ 31 33 CoH Quality Improvement Programme High Quality of Care cont High Quality of Care cont†¦ www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 35 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement ProgrammeQualitative Laboratory services Qualitative Laboratory services†¦ www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Safety of patients & employees†¦ of patients employees www. gujhealth. gov. in 32 CoH Change the Scenario†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Before www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH 34 CoH After Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 36 Change the Scenario†¦. Biomedical waste practice†¦ waste practice Before www. gujhealth. gov. in After Dr. J. L. Meena H ealth & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Recreational & skill development www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH CoH Dr. J. L. Meena CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of GujaratOccupational Therapy Unit 37 39 CoH Change the Scenario†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Safe drinking water†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ drinking water After Before www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Recreational & skill development www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena CoH CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme Quality food services to patients attendants Quality food services to patients & attendants†¦ 38 40 CoH CHC Bardoli, which catering Tribal Population www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 41 www. gujhealth. gov. in Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 2 India’s 1st NABH Accredited Mental Hospital Vadodara Hospital Vadodara CoH CoH NO. OF DELIVERY AT PHC CoH 44077 45000 41146 585 36867 40000 35000 600 3372 9 31359 582 586 513 500 30000 400 25000 20000 282 300 15000 200 10000 5000 86 1777 1719 1530 1414 1386 100 0 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 No. of OPD per Year 2011-12 Dr. J. L. Meena www. gujhealth. gov. in 0 2012-13 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 IPD Number per Year Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 43 PHC:- Salun, Dist:- Kheda www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH Adverse Donor Reaction CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 44 CoH Issue of Components CoH 9 59,481 50 45 40 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 60,000 39 54,067 50,000 42,033 32 40,000 25 20 30,000 23,849 20,000 13,820 10,000 0 2008-09 www. gujhealth. gov. in 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Blood Bank:- Civil Hospital Ahmedabad 2012-13 2008-09 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Specimen Analysis 100000 45 CoH CoH 98 2012-13 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 46 100 105 85 70 80 60000 2011-12 Critical value reporting CoH CoH 100 69010 59897 2010-11 Blood Bank:- Civil Hospital Ahmedabad 120 88660 78105 80000 www. gujhealth. gov. in 2009-10 60 40000 30522 40 20000 20 0 0 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2009 2010 011 2012 www. gujhealth. gov. in Biochemistry Lab:- Sir T Bhavnagar Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 47 www. gujhealth. gov. in Biochemistry Lab:- Sir T Bhavnagar Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 48 Benefits to Staff Surgical Site Infection (SSI) CoH CoH ?Professional staff development ?Provides education on laid down standards ?Provides leadership for quality improvement within medicine and nursing ?Increases satisfaction with continuous learning, good working environment, leadership and ownership 0. 59 0. 6 0. 5 0. 35 0. 4 0. 27 0. 3 0. 16 0. 0. 1 0 2009-10 www. gujhealth. gov. in 2010-11 2010 2011-12 2011 Dist Hospital:- Gandhinagar 2012-13 2012 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Professional staff development Managerial / Administrative training to MO / Head. www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Professional staff development Special clinical skill training on minor surgical procedure, obstetrics care, new born care, basic life support and local anesthesia block. www. gujhealth. gov. in 49 Programme implementation training to MO / Head. Dr. J. L. Meena Dr. J. L. Meena CoH CoH 51 CoH www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. MeenaHealth & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Professional staff development Induction training to staff at all levels. ll www. gujhealth. gov. in 50 CoH Job based skills training. based skills training. Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Management & Internal Audit Training Audit Training 52 CoH Disaster Management Disaster Management Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 53 www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 54 NABH ACCREDITATION AWARD FUNCTION BY GOVT. OF GUJARAT & QCI, NEW DELHI www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena CoH CoH Health & Fami ly Welfare, Govt of GujaratAward for India 1st NABH Accredited Mental Hospital :- Hospital for Mental health – Vadodara, Govt of Gujarat given by Shri Jaynarayan Vyas, Hon’ble Health Minister, Government of Gujarat 55 Award for NABH Accredited PHC :- Primary Health Center – Kandolpada, Navsari-Gujarat, Govt of Gujarat given by Shri Jaynarayan Vyas, Hon’ble Health Minister, Government of Gujarat Benefits to Hospital CoH ?Improves care care ?Brings in Corporate Governance ?Stimulates continuous improvement ?Demonstrates commitment to quality care commitment to quality care ?Raises community confidence ?Opportunity to benchmark with the bestAward for NABH Accredited PHC :- Primary Health Center – Tankal, Navsari-Gujarat, Govt of Gujarat given by Shri Jaynarayan Vyas, Hon’ble Health Minister, Government of Gujarat www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 60 Main entrance should be easily identifiable, welc oming, well lit and with mattress. CoH CoH PHC Mahuwas, Tribal area PHC www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 61 Quality Improvement Programme Welcoming infrastructure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ infrastructure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CHC Bardoli, which catering Tribal Population www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. MeenaHealth & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme District Hospital Godhara (Tribal area) Hospital Godhara (Tribal area) CHC Bardoli, which catering Tribal Population CoH HMH Ahmedabad presents an excellent example of effective functioning of Boards of Visitors and active involvement of NGO sector in patients Care, Capacity building & rehabilitation , and has the potential to become a good center of education and research in Mental Health Field Field. www. gujhealth. gov. in A – Grade Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 62 CoH DH Godhara, which catering Tribal Population www. gujhealth. gov. inRemarks of representativ e of National Human Right Commission (NHRC) now†¦ CoH 65 Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Benefits to Community 64 CoH ?Quality revolution ?Disaster preparedness preparedness – Epidemics – Physical ?Access to comparative database www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 66 All the Services provided by PHC Gadboriad are displayed in all the villages & roadside www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena CoH CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Mock drill and training for disaster management management 67 CoH Mock drill and training for disaster anagement management www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme Involvement in National Programme Involvement in National Programme†¦ www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena 68 CoH PHC PHC Tankal, Kandolpada & Mahuwas, Navsari 69 CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Health & Fam ily Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Mock drill and training for disaster management management PHC Tankal, Kandolpada & Mahuwas, Navsari www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena CoH 71 www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement ProgrammeInvolvement in National Programme Involvement in National Programme†¦ www. gujhealth. gov. in 70 CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 72 Quality Improvement Programme Malnutrition awareness Malnutrition awareness†¦ www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat PRI Monitoring & Evaluation of CHC 73 CoH Quality Improvement Programme AIDS awareness programme AIDS awareness programme†¦ www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat National & International Team Visit Niziriya Team Visit CoH 74 CoH Visit by Rajasthan Govt. MLAs with Speaker WHO Team Visit www. gujhealth. gov. in

To investigate the effect to the potato cells in the different solute concentration water Essay

Water can move through the different cells due to the difference of water potentials in the cells. If there is a higher solute concentration in the cell than outside the cell, the water will move into the cell. However, if the concentration of inside the cell is lower than the outside, water will not move into the cell. This process is called osmosis. Research question; This investigation will determine how different concentrated sugar water will affect to the mass change of the potato cells using the concept of osmosis. Hypothesis; I predict that the potato slice in beaker C will gain the most increased mass than beaker B and C. The reason is that since beaker C has a highest concentration among the test beakers, it will affect the most to the potato cells. The movement of water will move actively in beaker C. Variables; Independent Variable In this experiment the independent variable will be the sucrose concentration of water. This is controlled by using a specific amount of sugar that we pour into the distilled water. We will do the activity in the solutions with concentration of 0, 0.25, 0.50%. Dependent Variable The dependent variable will be the size of potato slices that goes into the solutions. This depends on the various environmental factors during making a slice of potato such as the thickness of core or the peel of potato. Thus it could differ during the experiment. Controlled Variable Anything that can change the result of this experiment will be the controlled variables. Therefore, we need to control variables that can be controlled to get the most accurate and reliable data in this experiment. Also the purpose of an experiment is to find out the cause of the lab and how it affects. Without these variables, it would b e difficult to determine which cause made the effect out of the lab. Water Level; Clearly if we have higher level of water in the beaker to make concentrated sugar water, the concentration will be lower than the less level of water. To get the consistent data, we need to control the level of water in the same level possible. Size of Cores; We will use the slices of potato in this lab, and if we have different sizes of potato slices due to the different sizes of cores that we have used to make a slices, the result will be vary as the size gets bigger or smaller. Therefore, during the lab, we need to use the same type and size of the cores. Type of Potatoes; If there are different types of potatoes, the osmosis that happens to the potato from the sugar water will not be the same. This needs to be controlled by using a same type of potato to get the most accurate data possible. Time of submersion; If one potato slice has stayed in the solution longer than the other sets, the data is not reliable because it is not experimented in equal amount of time. In order to get the reliable data, we need to measure the time equally and record it to the data paper. Size of the petri dish; We need to use the same size of the petri dishes to collect the reliable and accurate data. Different size of the petri dishes will boost or slow down the osmosis in the potato cells. Humidity; Humidity near the experiment place will also affect to the experiment. If the pace is hot and dry, the solution may evaporate soon due to the particles inside the solution absorbs the heat. Also when it is cold, the osmosis may not work normally. Due to these facts, we need to control the size of the petri dishes to get the best data possible. Temperature of the solutions; If the solution A’s temperature is higher than the solution B and C, it will affect to the speed and rate of the osmosis. In order to get the reliable and best data, we need to control the temperature of the solutions in to equal celsius possible. Apparatus; 3 different concentrated solutions (0, 25, 50 mol/dm^3) Beakers Pipettes Potato cores Balance Measuring cylinder Petri dishes Black pen Ruler Potato slices Procedure; 1. Using black pen to label the 3 different concentrated solutions and label them A, B and C. (Each solutions contain 100ml) 2. Record the physical properties of the potato slices. Place the slices of potatoes into the each petri dishes and label them a, b and c. 3. Pour the solutions in to each petri dishes about 36ml. (A to a, B to b, C to c) 4. Wait for 2 days.

Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Burgundy

Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Burgundy ​Known for:  signing the Great Privilege and, by her marriage, bringing her dominions under Habsburg control Dates:  February 13, 1457 - March 27, 1482 About Mary of Burgundy The only child of Charles the Bold of Burgundy and Isabella of Bourbon, Mary of Burgundy became ruler of his lands after her fathers death in 1477. Louis XI of France attempted to force her to marry the Dauphin Charles, thus bringing under French control her lands, including the Netherlands, Franche-Comte, Artois, and Picardy (the Low Countries). Mary, however, did not want to marry Charles, who was 13 years younger than she was. In order to win support for her refusal among her own people, she signed the Great Privilege which returned significant control and rights to localities in the Netherlands. This agreement required the approval of the States to raise taxes, declare war or make peace. She signed this agreement on February 10, 1477. Mary of Burgundy had many other suitors, including Duke Clarence of England. Mary chose Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, of the Habsburg  family, who later became emperor Maximilian I. They married on August 18, 1477. As a result, her lands became part of the Habsburg empire. Mary and Maximilian had three children. Mary of Burgundy died in a fall from a horse on March 27, 1482. Their son Philip, later called Philip the Handsome, was held as virtually a prisoner until Maximilian freed him in 1492. Artois and Franche-Comte became his to rule; Burgundy and Picardy returned to French control. Philip, called Philip the Handsome, married Joanna, sometimes called Juana the Mad, heiress to Castile and Aragon, and thus Spain also joined the Habsburg empire. The daughter of Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian was Margaret of Austria, who served as governor of the Netherlands after her mothers death and before her nephew (the future Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) was old enough to rule. A painter is known as the  Master of Mary of Burgundy  for an illuminated Book of Hours he created for Mary of Burgundy. Mary of Burgundy Facts Title:  Duchess of Burgundy Father:  Charles the Bold of Burgundy, son of Philip the Good of Burgundy and Isabella of Portugal. Mother:  Isabella of Bourbon (Isabelle de Bourbon), daughter of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon, and Agnes of Burgundy. Family Connections:  Marys father and mother were first cousins: Agnes of Burgundy, her maternal grandmother, and Philip the Good, her paternal grandfather, were both children of Margaret of Bavaria and her husband John the Fearless of Burgundy. Marys great-grandfather John the Fearless of Bavaria was a grandson of John II of France and Bonne of Bohemia; so was another great-grandmother, her mothers paternal grandmother Marie of Auvergne. Also known as:  Mary, Duchess of Burgundy; Marie Places: Netherlands, Habsburg Empire, Hapsburg Empire, Low Countries, Austria.

F-105 Thunderchief in the Vietnam War

F-105 Thunderchief in the Vietnam War Design of the F-105 Thunderchief began in the early 1950s as an internal project at Republic Aviation. Intended to be a replacement for the F-84F Thunderstreak, the F-105 was created as a supersonic, low-altitude penetrator capable of delivering a nuclear weapon to a target deep within the Soviet Union. Led by Alexander Kartveli, the design team produced an aircraft centered on a large engine and able to achieve high speeds. As the F-105 was meant to be a penetrator, maneuverability was sacrificed for speed and low-altitude performance. F-105D Specifications General Length: 64 ft. 4.75 in.Wingspan: 34 ft. 11.25 in.Height: 19 ft. 8 in.Wing Area: 385 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 27,500 lbs.Loaded Weight: 35,637 lbs.Crew: 1-2 Performance Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney J75-P-19W afterburning turbojet, 26,500 lbf with afterburning water injectionCombat Radius: 780 milesMax Speed: Mach 2.08 (1,372 mph)Ceiling: 48,500 ft. Armament Guns: 1 Ãâ€" 20 mm M61 Vulcan cannon, 1,028 roundsBombs/Rockets: Up to 14,000 lbs. of ordnance including nuclear weapons, AIM-9 Sidewinder, and AGM-12 Bullpup missiles. Weapons carried in the bomb bay and on five external hardpoints. Design and Development Intrigued by Republics design, the US Air Force placed an initial order for 199 F-105s in September 1952, but with the Korean War winding down reduced it to 37 fighter-bombers and nine tactical reconnaissance aircraft six months later. As development progressed, it was found that the design had grown too large to be powered by the Allison J71 turbojet intended for the aircraft. As a result, they elected to utilize the Pratt Whitney J75. While the preferred power plant for the new design, the J75 was not immediately available and as a result on October 22, 1955, the first YF-105A prototype flew powered by a Pratt Whitney J57-P-25 engine. Though equipped with the less powerful J57, the YF-105A achieved a top speed of Mach 1.2 on its first flight. Further test flights with the YF-105A soon revealed that the aircraft was underpowered and suffered from problems with transonic drag. To counter these issues, Republic was finally able to obtain the more powerful Pratt Whitney J75 and altered the arrangement of the air intakes which were located at the wing roots. Additionally, it worked to redesign the aircraft fuselage which initially employed a slab-sided look. Drawing on experiences from other aircraft producers, Republic employed the Whitcomb area rule by smoothing the fuselage and slightly pinching it in the center.     Ã‚   Refining the Aircraft The redesigned aircraft, dubbed the F-105B, proved able to achieve speeds of Mach 2.15. Also included were improvements to its electronics including the MA-8 fire control system, a K19 gun sight, and an AN/APG-31 ranging radar. These enhancements were required to allow the aircraft to conduct its intended nuclear strike mission. With the alterations complete, the YF-105B first took to the sky on May 26, 1956. The following month a trainer variant (F-105C) of the aircraft was created while the reconnaissance version (RF-105) was canceled in July. The largest single-engine fighter built for the US Air Force, the production model of F-105B possessed an internal bomb bay and five external weapons pylons. To continue a company tradition of employing Thunder in its aircraft names, which dated back to World War IIs P-47 Thunderbolt, Republic requested that the new aircraft be designated Thunderchief. Early Alterations On May 27, 1958, the F-105B entered service with the 335th Tactical Fighter Squadron. As with many new aircraft, the Thunderchief was initially plagued by problems with its avionics systems. After these were dealt with as part of Project Optimize, the F-105B became a reliable aircraft. In 1960, the F-105D was introduced and the B model transitioned to the Air National Guard. This was completed by 1964. The last production variant of the Thunderchief, the F-105D included an R-14A radar, an AN/APN-131 navigation system, and an AN/ASG-19 Thunderstick fire-control system which gave the aircraft all-weather capability and the ability to deliver the B43 nuclear bomb. Efforts were also made to restart the RF-105 reconnaissance program based on the F-105D design. The US Air Force planned to purchase 1,500 F-105Ds, however, this order was reduced to 833 by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. Issues Deployed to Cold War bases in Western Europe and Japan, F-105D squadrons trained for their intended deep penetration role. As with its predecessor, the F-105D suffered from early technological issues. These issues may have helped earn the aircraft the nickname Thud from the sound the F-105D made when it hit the ground though the true origins of the term are unclear. As a result of these problems, the entire F-105D fleet was grounded in December 1961, and again in June 1962, while the issues were dealt with at the factory. In 1964, the issues in existing F-105Ds were resolved as part of Project Look Alike though some engine and fuel system problems persisted for another three years. Vietnam War Through the early- and mid-1960s, the Thunderchief began to be developed as a conventional strike bomber rather than a nuclear delivery system. This was further emphasized during the Look Alike upgrades which saw the F-105D receive additional ordnance hard points. It was in this role that it was sent to Southeast Asia during the escalation of the Vietnam War. With its high-speed and superior low-altitude performance, the F-105D was ideal for hitting targets in North Vietnam and far superior to the F-100 Super Sabre then in use. First deployed to bases in Thailand, F-105Ds began flying strike missions as early as late 1964. With the commencement of Operation Rolling Thunder in March 1965, F-105D squadrons began bearing the brunt of the air war over North Vietnam. A typical F-105D mission to North Vietnam included mid-air refueling and a high-speed, low altitude entry and exit from the target area. Though an extremely durable aircraft, F-105D pilots usually only had a 75 percent chance of completing a 100-mission tour due to the danger involved in their missions. By 1969, the US Air Force began withdrawing the F-105D from strike missions replacing it with F-4 Phantom IIs. While the Thunderchief ceased to fulfill a strike role in Southeast Asia, it continued to serve as a wild weasel. Developed in 1965, the first F-105F Wild Weasel variant flew in January 1966. Possessing a second seat for an electronic warfare officer, the F-105F was intended for a suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) mission. Nicknamed Wild Weasels, these aircraft served to identify and destroy North Vietnamese surface-to-air missile sites. A dangerous mission, the F-105 proved highly capable as its heavy payload and expanded SEAD electronics allowed the aircraft to deliver devastating blows to enemy targets. In late 1967, an enhanced wild weasel variant, the F-105G entered service. Due to the nature of the wild weasel role, F-105Fs and F-105Gs were typically the first to arrive over a target and the last to leave. While the F-105D had been completely removed from strike duties by 1970, the wild weasel aircraft flew until the wars end. In the course of the conflict 382 F-105s were lost to all causes, representing 46 percent of the US Air Forces Thunderchief fleet. Due to these losses, the F-105 was ruled to no longer be combat effective as a frontline aircraft. Sent to the reserves, the Thunderchief remained in service until officially being retired on February 25, 1984.